Endometrial Polyps
Endometrial Polyps are typically benign tissue protrusions that develop in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). These polyps can grow from a few millimeters to several centimeters and may extend into the uterine cavity. They are commonly seen in women of reproductive age but can also occur during menopause. Most endometrial polyps are asymptomatic; however, some may cause menstrual irregularities, intermenstrual bleeding, or infertility complaints. Nowadays, this condition can be easily diagnosed and treated with hysteroscopic methods. 33f
What Are Endometrial Polyps?
An endometrial polyp is a benign mass formed by the abnormal proliferation of endometrial cells lining the uterus. These polyps can extend into the uterine cavity either with a stalk or a broad base. They are usually solitary, but some women may have multiple polyps. Endometrial polyps can grow under the influence of the estrogen hormone. Although they can occur at any age, they are most commonly detected between the ages of 35-50. 97a
How Do Endometrial Polyps Form?
Hormonal imbalance plays a significant role in the formation mechanism of endometrial polyps. Especially in cases of high estrogen levels, the cells in the uterine lining proliferate excessively, triggering polyp development. Additionally, obesity, hypertension, hormone therapies (particularly the use of tamoxifen), and chronic intrauterine inflammation (endometritis) can facilitate polyp development. 695e0f
Symptoms of Endometrial Polyps
Many women learn they have endometrial polyps incidentally, as small polyps may not cause symptoms. However, the following complaints are common:
2 Menstrual irregularities (prolonged or frequent bleeding)
2 Intermenstrual bleeding
2 Bleeding after sexual intercourse
2 Postmenopausal bleeding
2 Infertility or a history of recurrent miscarriage
These symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the polyp within the uterus. 4cb
How Are Endometrial Polyps Diagnosed?
The most commonly used method for diagnosis is transvaginal ultrasonography. When irregularities or thickening are observed in the uterine lining, a polyp is suspected. For more precise evaluation, saline infusion sonography (SIS) or hysteroscopy is performed. Hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of the polyp by inserting a thin camera into the uterus. If necessary, the polyp can be completely removed during the procedure, providing both diagnosis and treatment simultaneously. 97b
Do Endometrial Polyps Affect Pregnancy?
Yes, in some cases, endometrial polyps can prevent the embryo from implanting in the uterus. Polyps that narrow the uterine cavity or are located near the cervix can make it difficult for the fertilized egg to implant. Therefore, an intrauterine evaluation should be conducted in women with unexplained infertility or a history of recurrent miscarriage. The chance of pregnancy can significantly increase after hysteroscopic removal of polyps. 930
Treatment of Endometrial Polyps
Treatment is planned based on the size of the polyp, symptoms, and the patient’s age. Small, asymptomatic polyps can be monitored. However, surgical intervention is necessary in the presence of bleeding, infertility, or postmenopausal polyps. The most effective method is hysteroscopic polypectomy. In this method, the polyp is directly visualized and removed from its base by entering the uterus with a camera system. The procedure usually takes 10-20 minutes, and discharge is possible on the same day. 338
Post-Hysteroscopic Polypectomy Process
After the procedure, there may be mild spotting or pelvic pain for a few days. Normal activities are typically resumed within 1-2 days. The hysteroscopic method preserves the uterine tissue and has a low risk of recurrence. After the polyp is removed, a pathological examination is conducted. This allows for the evaluation of the polyp’s structure and any possible cellular changes. 9ec
Risk of Polyp Recurrence
Endometrial polyps generally do not recur after removal; however, they may reoccur in some women if hormonal imbalance persists. Early detection is possible with regular gynecological check-ups. Women with high estrogen levels or patients using tamoxifen should not skip follow-up examinations. 4c5
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Prevalence | In 10-20% of women of reproductive age |
| Symptoms | Intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual irregularities, infertility |
| Diagnostic Method | Ultrasound, SIS, hysteroscopy |
| Treatment | Hysteroscopic polypectomy |
Cost of Endometrial Polyp Treatment
The cost of endometrial polyp treatment varies depending on the size and number of polyps, the surgical method used, and the duration of hospital stay. Since each patient’s situation is different, pricing is determined after examination and evaluation. For current treatment and pricing information, please contact our clinic. 4de
Conclusion: Although endometrial polyps are mostly benign, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, they can cause bleeding problems or infertility. The polyp removal procedure performed with hysteroscopic methods offers both safe and permanent solutions. It is possible to maintain uterine health with regular check-ups. 90d
Frequently Asked Questions About Endometrial Polyps
Question: Can endometrial polyps become cancerous?
Most polyps are benign. However, polyps seen in the postmenopausal period should always be examined pathologically. 705
Question: Is the polyp removal procedure painful?
Hysteroscopic polypectomy is usually performed under anesthesia; the procedure is painless and short.
Question: Do polyps recur?
They can rarely recur. If hormonal balance is maintained, the likelihood of recurrence is very low. 338
Question: Do polyps prevent pregnancy?
Yes, especially polyps located within the uterus can make it difficult for the embryo to implant. The chance of pregnancy increases after removal. 930
