Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a modern endoscopic procedure used to directly visualize the inside of the uterus and, if necessary, apply treatment. A thin camera system (hysteroscope) is advanced into the uterine cavity through the vagina and cervix. This allows for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as fibroids, polyps, adhesions, abnormal bleeding, or congenital uterine anomalies. Hysteroscopy offers the opportunity to intervene with surgical precision while preserving the internal structure of the uterus.
What is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy is the examination of the uterine cavity using a special optical system. This method is used in gynecology for both diagnostic (diagnostic hysteroscopy) and therapeutic (operative hysteroscopy) purposes. Diagnostic hysteroscopy allows for visualization of the internal structure of the uterus and identification of possible pathologies. In operative hysteroscopy, lesions such as fibroids, polyps, or adhesions can be directly removed during the same procedure.
How is Hysteroscopy Performed?
The procedure is usually performed in the first few days after the end of menstruation. The patient is prepared in a gynecological position, and a thin telescopic camera (hysteroscope) is advanced from the vagina to the cervix. The uterine cavity is gently expanded with sterile fluid, and the internal structure is visualized in detail via the camera. If necessary, abnormal tissues are removed with special micro-surgical instruments. The procedure typically lasts 15-30 minutes. It is often performed on an outpatient basis, allowing the patient to return home the same day.
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
Diagnostic hysteroscopy is performed to investigate the cause of structural abnormalities in the uterine cavity. It is especially preferred in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss, infertility, menstrual irregularities, or intrauterine lesions detected by ultrasound. Tissue may be sampled during this procedure, but no surgical intervention is performed.
Operative Hysteroscopy
Operative hysteroscopy is an advanced procedure performed for both diagnosis and treatment. Intrauterine polyps, submucosal fibroids, adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome), and congenital uterine anomalies can be removed or corrected using this method. It is much more comfortable than open surgery and preserves uterine tissue.
When is Hysteroscopy Performed?
Hysteroscopy can be applied for diagnosis or treatment in the following situations:
Suspicion of intrauterine polyps or fibroids
Recurrent miscarriages or infertility
Excessive or irregular menstrual bleeding
Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
Evaluation of uterine anomalies (such as septum)
Retention or inability to remove an intrauterine device (IUD)
These procedures can enhance fertility potential while preserving uterine structure.
Preparation Before Hysteroscopy
If there is a vaginal infection before the procedure, it should be treated. It is usually performed under general or mild sedation anesthesia. It is not performed during menstruation. It is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse 1-2 days before the procedure. Ultrasound or blood tests may be conducted beforehand if necessary.
Post-Hysteroscopy Process
After the procedure, mild abdominal pain, cramping, or slight vaginal bleeding may occur. These complaints usually disappear within 1-2 days. To prevent infection, it is advised not to swim, use tampons, or engage in sexual intercourse for the first few days. Most patients can return to their social life the same day.
Removal of Polyps and Fibroids with Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopic polypectomy or myomectomy is the procedure of directly removing small polyps and fibroids in the uterine cavity under visualization. This method preserves the uterus, leaves no scars, and does not reduce fertility potential. It is especially preferred for women who wish to have children.
Increasing Pregnancy Chances with Hysteroscopy
The proper condition of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is crucial for embryo implantation. By clearing obstacles such as polyps, adhesions, or fibroids in the uterus with hysteroscopy, the chances of pregnancy are increased. Therefore, hysteroscopy is often performed before in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Hysteroscopy Complications
Hysteroscopy is a very safe procedure. Rarely, complications such as perforation of the uterine wall, infection, or fluid overload may develop. These risks are extremely low when performed by experienced surgeons.
| Method | Purpose | Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic Hysteroscopy | Examination of the uterine structure | Fast, painless, diagnostic |
| Operative Hysteroscopy | Treatment of polyps, fibroids, adhesions | Does not require surgery, preserves uterus |
| Office Hysteroscopy | Performed in an office setting without hospitalization | Without anesthesia, completed in a short time |
Hysteroscopy Prices
Hysteroscopy prices vary depending on the type of procedure (diagnostic or operative), the equipment used, the type of anesthesia, and hospital conditions. Since planning is different for each patient, exact pricing is determined after examination. For up-to-date information and detailed evaluation, please contact our clinic.
Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is a safe and modern method that provides high success in both the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine problems. It preserves uterine tissue, maintains fertility, and minimizes surgical trauma. Hysteroscopy performed by experienced hands offers significant comfort and safety in women’s health.
Frequently Asked Questions About Hysteroscopy
Question: Is hysteroscopy a painful procedure?
No. It is usually performed painlessly under mild sedation or local anesthesia.
Question: How soon can one return to normal life after hysteroscopy?
Most patients are discharged the same day and can return to normal activities the next day.
Question: How long should one wait to plan a pregnancy after hysteroscopy?
Pregnancy can usually be planned after 1-2 menstrual cycles once the uterine tissue has healed.
Question: Can all fibroids be removed with hysteroscopy?
No. Only fibroids extending into the uterine cavity (submucosal) can be removed using the hysteroscopic method.
