Genetic Screening in Embryos with PGT
“PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing)” or genetic screening in embryos is the process of selecting genetically healthy embryos obtained during the IVF treatment process. With this method, possible abnormalities in chromosome numbers or gene structures in embryos are detected before transfer. The aim is to place a healthy embryo that does not carry genetic diseases into the mother’s womb. PGT is a significant step that increases the success of pregnancy, especially in couples with recurrent pregnancy losses, advanced maternal age, or hereditary disease risks. 9ec
What is PGT (Genetic Screening in Embryos)?
PGT is a genetic analysis process performed by taking a few cells from embryos during IVF treatment. This analysis determines whether the embryo has abnormalities in chromosome numbers (such as Down syndrome – trisomy 21) or carries genetic diseases. With the PGT process, it is possible to select only genetically healthy embryos. This method not only increases the chance of pregnancy but also supports the birth of healthy babies. The most commonly used types of PGT are PGT-A (chromosome screening) and PGT-M (single gene disorder analysis).
How is PGT (Genetic Screening in Embryos) Performed?
The PGT process is performed on the 5th or 6th day of embryo development during the IVF process, at the blastocyst stage. A few cells are taken from the outer part of the embryo (trophectoderm layer). This process does not harm the embryo. The cells taken are analyzed in a genetic laboratory using advanced technology methods (such as NGS – Next Generation Sequencing). After the genetic examination is completed, healthy embryos are identified and selected for transfer. Genetically abnormal embryos are not transferred.
Types and Applications of PGT
There are different subtypes of PGT. PGT-A screens for chromosomal number and structural abnormalities; this test is generally preferred in cases of advanced age, recurrent miscarriages, or unsuccessful IVF attempts. PGT-M is applied to couples carrying hereditary (single gene) diseases. Additionally, PGT-SR is used for detecting structural chromosomal abnormalities (such as translocations). The type of test to be performed is determined based on the couple’s history and genetic risk factors.
Stages of PGT Application
The PGT process consists of several stages: starting with the stimulation of the ovaries and egg retrieval, embryos develop in the laboratory after fertilization. On the 5th day, samples are taken from the outer cell layer of the embryos, and these cells are sent for genetic analysis. Embryos are frozen and stored during the analysis period. Test results are obtained within a few days. Healthy embryos are thawed and transferred in the next menstrual cycle or at a suitable time.
Who is PGT Recommended For?
PGT is especially recommended in the following situations:
– Women over 35 years old (increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities)
– Recurrent IVF failures or pregnancy losses
– Couples carrying hereditary genetic diseases (such as thalassemia, cystic fibrosis)
– Families with a history of giving birth to a baby with genetic diseases
– Presence of advanced age or high DNA damage in men
In these groups, PGT significantly contributes to the selection of healthy embryos and increasing the chance of pregnancy.
The Relationship Between PGT and IVF
PGT is an advanced stage of IVF treatment. The embryo creation and laboratory process are the same; the difference is that embryos are genetically tested before transfer. In this way, chromosomal abnormalities in embryos are detected, reducing the risk of miscarriage. Especially in the advanced age group, PGT increases the pregnancy rate while also raising the likelihood of healthy baby births. However, not every embryo may be suitable for biopsy; embryo quality is a determinant in this regard.
Evaluation of PGT Results
As a result of genetic examination, embryos are evaluated in three groups: euploid (healthy), aneuploid (genetically abnormal), and mosaic. Only euploid embryos are suitable for transfer. Mosaic embryos may be transferred in special cases as they contain partially abnormal cells, but the success of pregnancy is lower. All results are interpreted together by a genetic specialist and an embryologist.
Advantages of PGT
PGT increases the chance of having a healthy baby in couples carrying genetic diseases. It also reduces recurrent miscarriages, prevents unnecessary transfers in IVF treatment, and provides genetic security during the pregnancy process. While the number of embryos transferred decreases, the success rate increases. This makes the process more controlled both physically and emotionally. 338
Limitations of PGT
PGT is a procedure that requires high technology and may not be applicable to every embryo. Additionally, some mosaic results may be clinically uncertain. Even a genetically normal embryo may not result in pregnancy due to implantation issues. Therefore, PGT should be considered a risk-reducing method rather than a pregnancy guarantee.
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Embryo Development | Grown in a culture environment in the laboratory until the 5th day |
| Cell Biopsy | A few cells are taken from the outer layer of the embryo |
| Genetic Analysis | Chromosome/genetic structure is examined using NGS or similar methods |
| Embryo Transfer | Healthy embryos are frozen and transferred at a suitable time |
| Result Duration | Usually obtained within 5–7 days |
PGT (Genetic Screening in Embryos) Prices
The cost of the PGT process may vary depending on the genetic analysis technology used (such as NGS, array-CGH), the number of embryos, and the laboratory infrastructure. In our clinic, the most appropriate method is determined after personal evaluation. For current price information, please contact our clinic. 4de
In conclusion, PGT (Genetic Screening in Embryos) is one of the most valuable tools offered by modern reproductive medicine for healthy generations. By selecting genetically normal embryos, both pregnancy success is increased and the risk of hereditary diseases is minimized. With the right patient selection and an experienced team, PGT offers a safe roadmap in family planning. 337
Frequently Asked Questions About PGT (Genetic Screening in Embryos)
Question: Does the PGT process harm the embryo?
4a1 No. A few cells taken from the outer layer of the embryo do not affect the development of the embryo.
Question: What diseases can be detected with PGT?
4cc Chromosomal number abnormalities (such as Down, Turner syndrome) and hereditary gene diseases (such as thalassemia, SMA) can be detected.
Question: Is the PGT process applied to all IVF patients?
It is generally recommended for couples in the risk group. It is not always necessary for young couples without a history of genetic diseases.
Question: When is embryo transfer done after PGT?
705 Embryos are frozen during the test period. After the results arrive, they are thawed and transferred at a suitable time.
